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How Do Doctors Diagnose Fibromyalgia?

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Although there is no way to test for FMS through the blood stream, there are several guidelines for diagnosis specified by the American College of Rheumatology.

A doctor will, however, perform lab tests and/or x-rays to rule our similar causes for pain, such as a herniated disc, cardiac problems, myopathy, and other conditions which have some symptoms that are similar to FMS.

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History of Widespread Pain

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A person diagnosed with FMS must have a history of chronic, widespread pain. "Chronic" in this case is pain that occurs for at least three months. "Widespread" refers to pain that is mirrored on the right and left side of the body, pain above the waist and pain below the waist.

To be considered "widespread", this pain must be in at least three different locations of the body, such as a hip, knee and shoulder. Sometimes this pain is generalized and is accompanied by stiffness, swelling of tissues and joints, tingling, muscle pain and pelvic pain. Sometimes this pain is sharp, stinging pain as well.

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Pain in Tender Point Sites

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To accurately diagnose Fibromyalgia, a rheumatologist or other doctor familiar with Fibromyalgia will perform a tender point test. (If you can't find a doctor near you, contact the Arthritis Foundation and they can refer you.) These 18 tender points are shown in the graphic below.

The doctor will apply pressure with an approximate force of 4kg. If the patient has pain in 11 of these 18 tender points in combination with meeting other diagnosis criteria, and then the doctor may diagnose Fibromyalgia.

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Tender Points

  1. Lower neck in front (2)
  2. Edge of upper breast bone (2)
  3. 2 cms below side bone at elbow (2)
  4. Just above knee on inside (2)
  5. Attachment of neck muscles at the base of the skull (2)
  6. Midway between neck and shoulder (2)
  7. Muscle over upper inner shoulder (2)
  8. Upper outer buttock (2)
  9. Hip bone (2)

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